15 results
Multimodal Correlative Microscopy to Study the Chemical and Energetic Landscape of Alloyed Halide Perovskites
- Kyle Frohna, Miguel Anaya, Stuart Macpherson, Jooyoung Sung, Tiarnan A. S. Doherty, Yu-Hsien Chiang, Andrew J. Winchester, Kieran W. P. Orr, Julia E. Parker, Paul D. Quinn, Keshav M. Dani, Akshay Rao, Samuel D. Stranks
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- Journal:
- Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 28 / Issue S1 / August 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 22 July 2022, pp. 1950-1952
- Print publication:
- August 2022
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The accuracy of nutrition labels as a means of monitoring the reformulation of food in Ireland - The case of yoghurts
- S. O'Mahony, C. B. O'Donovan, K. McDonald, O. C. Lyons, S. F. Quinn, R. J. Creane, M. A. T. Flynn, W. Anderson, E. R. Gibney, N. A. Collins
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the Nutrition Society / Volume 79 / Issue OCE2 / 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 June 2020, E713
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Over half of the Irish population is overweight or obese. The Obesity Policy and Action Plan 2016–2025 will set reformulation targets for fat, saturated fat and sugar in Ireland and review progress. In 2016, the Food Safety Authority of Ireland undertook a cross-sectional market scan of yoghurts to evaluate the energy, fat, saturated fat and sugar content based solely on declared nutrition labels. The aims of this 2018 study were to verify the accuracy of declared nutrition information on yoghurts and to confirm the suitability of declared nutrition labels for energy, fat, saturated fat and sugar reformulation monitoring.
Yoghurts identified in the 2016 market scan (n578) were weighted based on categorisation of manufacturer type (branded, own brand), product category (natural, flavoured and luxury) and declared nutrition content. Samples (n200) were randomly selected from these weighted groups and tested by a laboratory accredited for energy, fat, saturated fat, and sugar analysis. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS (version25). As data was not normally distributed, median values were investigated for declared and tested energy, fat, saturated fat and sugar content using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test and Spearman Rank-Order Correlation.
Of the tested yoghurts, 3% (n6), 5% (n9) and 19% (n31) were outside the recommended European Commission (EC) labelling tolerance for fat, saturated fat and sugar, respectively. Tested nutrient content was consistently lower than declared. There was a statistically significant difference in declared vs. tested energy (87kcal vs. 84kcal p = 0.03), fat (2.7 g vs. 2.5 g p < 0.001), and sugar (9.9 g vs. 8.7 g p < 0.001) content per 100 g yoghurt. Declared vs. tested sugar content per 100 g yoghurt was statistically significant across all yoghurt types, including natural (4.8 g vs. 3.4 g p < 0.001), flavoured (9.7 g vs. 8.6 g p < 0.001) and luxury (15 g vs. 13.6 g p = 0.002). There was a statistically significant difference between declared vs. tested fat (2.8 g vs. 2.5 g p < 0.001) and saturated fat (1.9 g vs.1.6 g p = 0.017) content of own brand yoghurts per 100 g. There was a positive correlation between energy content and portion size (r = .2,p < 0.01).
There was a high level of agreement between declared vs. tested fat and saturated fat content of yoghurts, but a lower level of agreement between declared vs. tested sugar content of yoghurts. This indicates that declared nutrition labels are suitable for reformulation monitoring of fat and saturated fat, but may not be suitable for sugar. This finding will be further investigated and tested in future work planned for nutrition label verification of other food categories.
The use of Nutrition and Health Claims on Yoghurts on the Irish Market
- S. O'Mahony, R.J. Creane, E. Philpott, C. B. O'Donavan, O.C. Lyons, C.M. Donovan, S. F. Quinn, M. A. T. Flynn, W. Anderson, N. A. Collins
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the Nutrition Society / Volume 79 / Issue OCE2 / 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 June 2020, E574
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The use of nutrition and health claims on food is legislated for in Commission Regulation 1924/2006 and SI No. 11 of 2014. This legislation ensures that any claim made on a food label is clear, accurate and substantiated, enabling consumers to make informed choices. A study undertaken by the Food Safety Authority of Ireland (FSAI) in 2009 found that yoghurts were the food category with the highest use of nutrition and health claims on the Irish market.
In 2018, the FSAI undertook a nutrition label verification study to verify the accuracy of declared nutrition information on yoghurts. The aims of this study were to measure the use of nutrition and health claims on a sample of yoghurts available on the Irish market in 2018 and assess their compliance with Regulation 1924/2006 Nutrition and Health Claims made on Food.
Yoghurts identified in a 2016 market scan (n578) were weighted based on categorisation of manufacturer type (branded, own brand), product category (natural, flavoured and luxury) and declared nutrition content. Samples (n200) were randomly selected from these weighted groups for the 2018 nutrition label verification study. A subsample (n100) was randomly sampled and checked for presence of nutrition and health claims. Presence of nutrition and health claims was recorded in Microsoft Excel and checked for compliance with Regulation 1924/2006.
Of the yoghurts reviewed, 67% (n67) made at least one nutrition claim and 34% (n34) made at least one health claim. Of these, 29% (n29) made a nutrition and a health claim. Branded yoghurts were more likely to make nutrition and health claims than own brand yoghurts (78% (n49) vs. 48% (n18)). Of yoghurts with a health claim, 88% (n30) were branded and 12% (n4) were own brand. Of yoghurts with a nutrition claim, 1.5% (n1) made a nutrition claim which was potentially non-compliant with Regulation 1924/2006. Of yoghurts with a health claim, 74% (n23) made a health claim which was potentially non-compliant with Regulation 1924/2006. The majority of potentially non-compliant health claims were in relation to probiotic strains and ‘live cultures’.
In conclusion, yoghurts continue to be a food category which often uses nutrition and health claims. Nutrition and health claims are more frequently used by branded than own brand products. Potentially non-compliant health claims are an issue amongst this food category which will be further investigated and followed up.
The first environmental science experiments on the new microfocus spectroscopy beamline at Diamond
- J. F. W. Mosselmans, P. D. Quinn, J. Roque Rosell, K. D. Atkinson, A. J. Dent, S. I. Cavill, M. E. Hodson, C. A. Kirk, P. F. Schofield
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- Journal:
- Mineralogical Magazine / Volume 72 / Issue 1 / February 2008
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 July 2018, pp. 197-200
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Synchrotron based μ-XRF, μ-XAS and μ-XRD have made a major impact in the field of environmental science in the last ten years. One of the first seven ‘day one’ beamlines on the Diamond Light Source is a microfocus spectroscopy beamline, beamline I18. Here the current status of the beamline and the opportunities it presents in the field of environmental science are described, with results from two of the first experiments also included. The first is based on the use of bonemeal to remediate soil. We used Zn K-edge and Pb L3-edge spectroscopy to characterize the speciation of these two elements on a soil after bonemeal treatment. The results are compared with bulk measurements taken on the whole soil and standard materials. The second experiment described here is a study of the speciation and association of Ni in a laterite from Moa Bay, Cuba. Here the differences in the Ni speciation associated with Mn oxides are examined and compared with Fe oxides phases.
Measurements of Oxychlorine species on Mars
- B. Sutter, R. C. Quinn, P. D. Archer, D. P. Glavin, T. D. Glotch, S. P. Kounaves, M. M. Osterloo, E. B. Rampe, D. W. Ming
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- Journal:
- International Journal of Astrobiology / Volume 16 / Issue 3 / July 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 April 2016, pp. 203-217
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Mars landed and orbiter missions have instrumentation capable of detecting oxychlorine phases (e.g. perchlorate, chlorate) on the surface. Perchlorate (~0.6 wt%) was first detected by the Wet Chemistry Laboratory in the surface material at the Phoenix Mars Landing site. Subsequent analyses by the Thermal Evolved Gas Analyser aboard the same lander detected an oxygen release (~465°C) consistent with the thermal decomposition of perchlorate. Recent thermal analysis by the Mars Science Laboratory's Sample Analysis at Mars instrument has also indicated the presence of oxychlorine phases (up to 1.2 wt%) in Gale Crater materials. Despite being at detectable concentrations, the Chemistry and Mineralogy (CheMin) X-ray diffractometer has not detected oxychlorine phases. This suggests that Gale Crater oxychlorine may exist as poorly crystalline phases or that perchlorate/chlorate mixtures exist, so that individual oxychlorine concentrations are below CheMin detection limits (~1 wt%). Although not initially designed to detect oxychlorine phases, reinterpretation of Viking Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer data also suggest that oxychlorine phases are present in the Viking surface materials. Remote near-infrared spectral analyses by the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) instrument indicate that at least some martian recurring slope lineae (RSL) have spectral signatures consistent with the presence of hydrated perchlorates or chlorates during the seasons when RSL are most extensive. Despite the thermal emission spectrometer, Thermal Emission Imaging System, Observatoire pour la Minéralogie, l'Eau, les Glaces et l'Activité and CRISM detection of hundreds of anhydrous chloride (~10–25 vol%) deposits, expected associated oxychlorine phases (>5–10 vol%) have not been detected. Total Cl and oxychlorine data sets from the Phoenix Lander and the Mars Science Laboratory missions could be used to develop oxychlorine versus total Cl correlations, which may constrain oxychlorine concentrations at other locations on Mars by using total Cl determined by other missions (e.g. Viking, Pathfinder, MER and Odyssey). Development of microfluidic or ‘lab-on-a-chip’ instrumentation has the potential to be the next generation analytical capability used to identify and quantify individual oxychlorine species on future landed robotic missions to Mars.
Contributors
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- By Mitchell Aboulafia, Frederick Adams, Marilyn McCord Adams, Robert M. Adams, Laird Addis, James W. Allard, David Allison, William P. Alston, Karl Ameriks, C. Anthony Anderson, David Leech Anderson, Lanier Anderson, Roger Ariew, David Armstrong, Denis G. Arnold, E. J. Ashworth, Margaret Atherton, Robin Attfield, Bruce Aune, Edward Wilson Averill, Jody Azzouni, Kent Bach, Andrew Bailey, Lynne Rudder Baker, Thomas R. Baldwin, Jon Barwise, George Bealer, William Bechtel, Lawrence C. Becker, Mark A. Bedau, Ernst Behler, José A. Benardete, Ermanno Bencivenga, Jan Berg, Michael Bergmann, Robert L. Bernasconi, Sven Bernecker, Bernard Berofsky, Rod Bertolet, Charles J. Beyer, Christian Beyer, Joseph Bien, Joseph Bien, Peg Birmingham, Ivan Boh, James Bohman, Daniel Bonevac, Laurence BonJour, William J. Bouwsma, Raymond D. Bradley, Myles Brand, Richard B. Brandt, Michael E. Bratman, Stephen E. Braude, Daniel Breazeale, Angela Breitenbach, Jason Bridges, David O. Brink, Gordon G. Brittan, Justin Broackes, Dan W. Brock, Aaron Bronfman, Jeffrey E. Brower, Bartosz Brozek, Anthony Brueckner, Jeffrey Bub, Lara Buchak, Otavio Bueno, Ann E. Bumpus, Robert W. Burch, John Burgess, Arthur W. Burks, Panayot Butchvarov, Robert E. Butts, Marina Bykova, Patrick Byrne, David Carr, Noël Carroll, Edward S. Casey, Victor Caston, Victor Caston, Albert Casullo, Robert L. Causey, Alan K. L. Chan, Ruth Chang, Deen K. Chatterjee, Andrew Chignell, Roderick M. Chisholm, Kelly J. Clark, E. J. Coffman, Robin Collins, Brian P. Copenhaver, John Corcoran, John Cottingham, Roger Crisp, Frederick J. Crosson, Antonio S. Cua, Phillip D. Cummins, Martin Curd, Adam Cureton, Andrew Cutrofello, Stephen Darwall, Paul Sheldon Davies, Wayne A. Davis, Timothy Joseph Day, Claudio de Almeida, Mario De Caro, Mario De Caro, John Deigh, C. F. Delaney, Daniel C. Dennett, Michael R. DePaul, Michael Detlefsen, Daniel Trent Devereux, Philip E. Devine, John M. Dillon, Martin C. Dillon, Robert DiSalle, Mary Domski, Alan Donagan, Paul Draper, Fred Dretske, Mircea Dumitru, Wilhelm Dupré, Gerald Dworkin, John Earman, Ellery Eells, Catherine Z. Elgin, Berent Enç, Ronald P. Endicott, Edward Erwin, John Etchemendy, C. Stephen Evans, Susan L. Feagin, Solomon Feferman, Richard Feldman, Arthur Fine, Maurice A. Finocchiaro, William FitzPatrick, Richard E. Flathman, Gvozden Flego, Richard Foley, Graeme Forbes, Rainer Forst, Malcolm R. Forster, Daniel Fouke, Patrick Francken, Samuel Freeman, Elizabeth Fricker, Miranda Fricker, Michael Friedman, Michael Fuerstein, Richard A. Fumerton, Alan Gabbey, Pieranna Garavaso, Daniel Garber, Jorge L. A. Garcia, Robert K. Garcia, Don Garrett, Philip Gasper, Gerald Gaus, Berys Gaut, Bernard Gert, Roger F. Gibson, Cody Gilmore, Carl Ginet, Alan H. Goldman, Alvin I. Goldman, Alfonso Gömez-Lobo, Lenn E. Goodman, Robert M. Gordon, Stefan Gosepath, Jorge J. E. Gracia, Daniel W. Graham, George A. Graham, Peter J. Graham, Richard E. Grandy, I. Grattan-Guinness, John Greco, Philip T. Grier, Nicholas Griffin, Nicholas Griffin, David A. Griffiths, Paul J. Griffiths, Stephen R. Grimm, Charles L. Griswold, Charles B. Guignon, Pete A. Y. Gunter, Dimitri Gutas, Gary Gutting, Paul Guyer, Kwame Gyekye, Oscar A. Haac, Raul Hakli, Raul Hakli, Michael Hallett, Edward C. Halper, Jean Hampton, R. James Hankinson, K. R. Hanley, Russell Hardin, Robert M. Harnish, William Harper, David Harrah, Kevin Hart, Ali Hasan, William Hasker, John Haugeland, Roger Hausheer, William Heald, Peter Heath, Richard Heck, John F. Heil, Vincent F. Hendricks, Stephen Hetherington, Francis Heylighen, Kathleen Marie Higgins, Risto Hilpinen, Harold T. Hodes, Joshua Hoffman, Alan Holland, Robert L. Holmes, Richard Holton, Brad W. Hooker, Terence E. Horgan, Tamara Horowitz, Paul Horwich, Vittorio Hösle, Paul Hoβfeld, Daniel Howard-Snyder, Frances Howard-Snyder, Anne Hudson, Deal W. Hudson, Carl A. Huffman, David L. Hull, Patricia Huntington, Thomas Hurka, Paul Hurley, Rosalind Hursthouse, Guillermo Hurtado, Ronald E. Hustwit, Sarah Hutton, Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa, Harry A. Ide, David Ingram, Philip J. Ivanhoe, Alfred L. Ivry, Frank Jackson, Dale Jacquette, Joseph Jedwab, Richard Jeffrey, David Alan Johnson, Edward Johnson, Mark D. Jordan, Richard Joyce, Hwa Yol Jung, Robert Hillary Kane, Tomis Kapitan, Jacquelyn Ann K. Kegley, James A. Keller, Ralph Kennedy, Sergei Khoruzhii, Jaegwon Kim, Yersu Kim, Nathan L. King, Patricia Kitcher, Peter D. Klein, E. D. Klemke, Virginia Klenk, George L. Kline, Christian Klotz, Simo Knuuttila, Joseph J. Kockelmans, Konstantin Kolenda, Sebastian Tomasz Kołodziejczyk, Isaac Kramnick, Richard Kraut, Fred Kroon, Manfred Kuehn, Steven T. Kuhn, Henry E. Kyburg, John Lachs, Jennifer Lackey, Stephen E. Lahey, Andrea Lavazza, Thomas H. Leahey, Joo Heung Lee, Keith Lehrer, Dorothy Leland, Noah M. Lemos, Ernest LePore, Sarah-Jane Leslie, Isaac Levi, Andrew Levine, Alan E. Lewis, Daniel E. Little, Shu-hsien Liu, Shu-hsien Liu, Alan K. L. Chan, Brian Loar, Lawrence B. Lombard, John Longeway, Dominic McIver Lopes, Michael J. Loux, E. J. Lowe, Steven Luper, Eugene C. Luschei, William G. Lycan, David Lyons, David Macarthur, Danielle Macbeth, Scott MacDonald, Jacob L. Mackey, Louis H. Mackey, Penelope Mackie, Edward H. Madden, Penelope Maddy, G. B. Madison, Bernd Magnus, Pekka Mäkelä, Rudolf A. Makkreel, David Manley, William E. Mann (W.E.M.), Vladimir Marchenkov, Peter Markie, Jean-Pierre Marquis, Ausonio Marras, Mike W. Martin, A. P. Martinich, William L. McBride, David McCabe, Storrs McCall, Hugh J. McCann, Robert N. McCauley, John J. McDermott, Sarah McGrath, Ralph McInerny, Daniel J. McKaughan, Thomas McKay, Michael McKinsey, Brian P. McLaughlin, Ernan McMullin, Anthonie Meijers, Jack W. Meiland, William Jason Melanson, Alfred R. Mele, Joseph R. Mendola, Christopher Menzel, Michael J. Meyer, Christian B. Miller, David W. Miller, Peter Millican, Robert N. Minor, Phillip Mitsis, James A. Montmarquet, Michael S. Moore, Tim Moore, Benjamin Morison, Donald R. Morrison, Stephen J. Morse, Paul K. Moser, Alexander P. D. Mourelatos, Ian Mueller, James Bernard Murphy, Mark C. Murphy, Steven Nadler, Jan Narveson, Alan Nelson, Jerome Neu, Samuel Newlands, Kai Nielsen, Ilkka Niiniluoto, Carlos G. Noreña, Calvin G. Normore, David Fate Norton, Nikolaj Nottelmann, Donald Nute, David S. Oderberg, Steve Odin, Michael O’Rourke, Willard G. Oxtoby, Heinz Paetzold, George S. Pappas, Anthony J. Parel, Lydia Patton, R. P. Peerenboom, Francis Jeffry Pelletier, Adriaan T. Peperzak, Derk Pereboom, Jaroslav Peregrin, Glen Pettigrove, Philip Pettit, Edmund L. Pincoffs, Andrew Pinsent, Robert B. Pippin, Alvin Plantinga, Louis P. Pojman, Richard H. Popkin, John F. Post, Carl J. Posy, William J. Prior, Richard Purtill, Michael Quante, Philip L. Quinn, Philip L. Quinn, Elizabeth S. Radcliffe, Diana Raffman, Gerard Raulet, Stephen L. Read, Andrews Reath, Andrew Reisner, Nicholas Rescher, Henry S. Richardson, Robert C. Richardson, Thomas Ricketts, Wayne D. Riggs, Mark Roberts, Robert C. Roberts, Luke Robinson, Alexander Rosenberg, Gary Rosenkranz, Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal, Adina L. Roskies, William L. Rowe, T. M. Rudavsky, Michael Ruse, Bruce Russell, Lilly-Marlene Russow, Dan Ryder, R. M. Sainsbury, Joseph Salerno, Nathan Salmon, Wesley C. Salmon, Constantine Sandis, David H. Sanford, Marco Santambrogio, David Sapire, Ruth A. Saunders, Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, Charles Sayward, James P. Scanlan, Richard Schacht, Tamar Schapiro, Frederick F. Schmitt, Jerome B. Schneewind, Calvin O. Schrag, Alan D. Schrift, George F. Schumm, Jean-Loup Seban, David N. Sedley, Kenneth Seeskin, Krister Segerberg, Charlene Haddock Seigfried, Dennis M. Senchuk, James F. Sennett, William Lad Sessions, Stewart Shapiro, Tommie Shelby, Donald W. Sherburne, Christopher Shields, Roger A. Shiner, Sydney Shoemaker, Robert K. Shope, Kwong-loi Shun, Wilfried Sieg, A. John Simmons, Robert L. Simon, Marcus G. Singer, Georgette Sinkler, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Matti T. Sintonen, Lawrence Sklar, Brian Skyrms, Robert C. Sleigh, Michael Anthony Slote, Hans Sluga, Barry Smith, Michael Smith, Robin Smith, Robert Sokolowski, Robert C. Solomon, Marta Soniewicka, Philip Soper, Ernest Sosa, Nicholas Southwood, Paul Vincent Spade, T. L. S. Sprigge, Eric O. Springsted, George J. Stack, Rebecca Stangl, Jason Stanley, Florian Steinberger, Sören Stenlund, Christopher Stephens, James P. Sterba, Josef Stern, Matthias Steup, M. A. Stewart, Leopold Stubenberg, Edith Dudley Sulla, Frederick Suppe, Jere Paul Surber, David George Sussman, Sigrún Svavarsdóttir, Zeno G. Swijtink, Richard Swinburne, Charles C. Taliaferro, Robert B. Talisse, John Tasioulas, Paul Teller, Larry S. Temkin, Mark Textor, H. S. Thayer, Peter Thielke, Alan Thomas, Amie L. Thomasson, Katherine Thomson-Jones, Joshua C. Thurow, Vzalerie Tiberius, Terrence N. Tice, Paul Tidman, Mark C. Timmons, William Tolhurst, James E. Tomberlin, Rosemarie Tong, Lawrence Torcello, Kelly Trogdon, J. D. Trout, Robert E. Tully, Raimo Tuomela, John Turri, Martin M. Tweedale, Thomas Uebel, Jennifer Uleman, James Van Cleve, Harry van der Linden, Peter van Inwagen, Bryan W. Van Norden, René van Woudenberg, Donald Phillip Verene, Samantha Vice, Thomas Vinci, Donald Wayne Viney, Barbara Von Eckardt, Peter B. M. Vranas, Steven J. Wagner, William J. Wainwright, Paul E. Walker, Robert E. Wall, Craig Walton, Douglas Walton, Eric Watkins, Richard A. Watson, Michael V. Wedin, Rudolph H. Weingartner, Paul Weirich, Paul J. Weithman, Carl Wellman, Howard Wettstein, Samuel C. Wheeler, Stephen A. White, Jennifer Whiting, Edward R. Wierenga, Michael Williams, Fred Wilson, W. Kent Wilson, Kenneth P. Winkler, John F. Wippel, Jan Woleński, Allan B. Wolter, Nicholas P. Wolterstorff, Rega Wood, W. Jay Wood, Paul Woodruff, Alison Wylie, Gideon Yaffe, Takashi Yagisawa, Yutaka Yamamoto, Keith E. Yandell, Xiaomei Yang, Dean Zimmerman, Günter Zoller, Catherine Zuckert, Michael Zuckert, Jack A. Zupko (J.A.Z.)
- Edited by Robert Audi, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
- Published online:
- 05 August 2015
- Print publication:
- 27 April 2015, pp ix-xxx
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Contributors
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- By Ashok Agarwal, Linda D. Applegarth, Nelson E. Bennett, Nancy L. Brackett, Melissa B. Brisman, Mark F. H. Brougham, Cara B. Cimmino, Owen K. Davis, Rian J. Dickstein, Michael L. Eisenberg, Mikkel Fode, Gretchen A. Gignac, Bruce R. Gilbert, Ellen R. Goldmark, Marc Goldstein, Wayne J. G. Hellstrom, Wayland Hsiao, Jack Huang, Kathleen Hwang, Ann A. Jakubowski, Keith Jarvi, Loren Jones, Hey-Joo Kang, Joanne Frankel Kelvin, Mohit Khera, Thomas F. Kolon, Kate H. Kraft, Andrew C. Kramer, Dolores J. Lamb, Andrew B. Lassman, Helen R. Levey, Larry I. Lipshultz, Charles M. Lynne, Akanksha Mehta, Marvin L. Meistrich, Gregory C. Mitchell, Mark A. Moyad, John P. Mulhall, Lauren Murray, Craig Niederberger, Ariella Noy, Robert D. Oates, Dana A. Ohl, Kutluk Oktay, Ndidiamaka Onwubalili, Fabio Firmbach Pasqualatto, Elena Pentsova, Susanne A. Quallich, Gwendolyn P. Quinn, Alex Ridgeway, Matthew T. Roberts, Kenny A. Rodriguez-Wallberg, Allison B. Rosen, Lisa Rosenzweig, Edmund S. Sabanegh, Hossein Sadeghi-Nejad, Mary K. Samplaski, Jay I. Sandlow, Peter N. Schlegel, Gunapala Shetty, Mark Sigman, Jens Sønksen, Peter J. Stahl, Eytan Stein, Doron S. Stember, Raanan Tal, Susan T. Vadaparampil, W. Hamish, B. Wallace, Leonard H. Wexler, Daniel H. Williams
- Edited by John P. Mulhall, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York
- Edited in association with Linda D. Applegarth, Robert D. Oates, Peter N. Schlegel
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- Book:
- Fertility Preservation in Male Cancer Patients
- Published online:
- 05 March 2013
- Print publication:
- 21 February 2013, pp vii-x
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A 4-year prospective observational follow-up study of course and predictors of course in body dysmorphic disorder
- K. A. Phillips, W. Menard, E. Quinn, E. R. Didie, R. L. Stout
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 43 / Issue 5 / May 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 29 August 2012, pp. 1109-1117
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Background
This report prospectively examines the 4-year course, and predictors of course, of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), a common and often severe disorder. No prior studies have prospectively examined the course of BDD in individuals ascertained for BDD.
MethodThe Longitudinal Interval Follow-Up Evaluation (LIFE) assessed weekly BDD symptoms and treatment received over 4 years for 166 broadly ascertained adults and adolescents with current BDD at intake. Kaplan–Meier life tables were constructed for time to remission and relapse. Full remission was defined as minimal or no BDD symptoms, and partial remission as less than full DSM-IV criteria, for at least 8 consecutive weeks. Full relapse and partial relapse were defined as meeting full BDD criteria for at least 2 consecutive weeks after attaining full or partial remission respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression examined predictors of remission and relapse.
ResultsOver 4 years, the cumulative probability was 0.20 for full remission and 0.55 for full or partial remission from BDD. A lower likelihood of full or partial remission was predicted by more severe BDD symptoms at intake, longer lifetime duration of BDD, and being an adult. Among partially or fully remitted subjects, the cumulative probability was 0.42 for subsequent full relapse and 0.63 for subsequent full or partial relapse. More severe BDD at intake and earlier age at BDD onset predicted full or partial relapse. Eighty-eight percent of subjects received mental health treatment during the follow-up period.
ConclusionsIn this observational study, BDD tended to be chronic. Several intake variables predicted greater chronicity of BDD.
Contributors
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- By Susan E. Abbey, James J. Amos, Philip A. Bialer, James A. Bourgeois, Joanne A. Byars, Jaspreet Chahal, Kathy Coffman, Mary Ann Cohen, Catherine Crone, Carlos Fernandez-Robles, Jess G. Fiedorowicz, Mary J. Fitz-Gerald, Gregory Fricchione, Donna Greenberg, Thomas W. Heinrich, Debra R. Kahn, Raheel A. Khan, Robin C. Kopelman, Jeanne M. Lackamp, Joseph A. Locala, Michael Marcangelo, Laura Marsh, Anthony C. Miller, Romina Mizrahi, Megan Moore Brennan, Maryland Pao, John Querques, Davin Quinn, Vani Rao, Robert G. Robinson, Oludamilola Salami, Sanjeev Sockalingam, Sergio E. Starkstein, Scott Stuart, Adrienne Tan, Janeta Tansey, Scott Temple, Alex Thompson, Susan Turkel, Michelle Weckmann, Marcus Wellen, Thomas Wise
- Edited by James J. Amos, University of Iowa, Robert G. Robinson, University of Iowa
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- Book:
- Psychosomatic Medicine
- Published online:
- 04 August 2010
- Print publication:
- 27 May 2010, pp xi-xiv
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Formation of The Interface between InP and Arsenic Based Alloys by Chemical Beam Epitaxy
- M. C. Tamargo, M.J.S.P. Brasil, R. E. Nahory, D. E. Aspnes, B. Philips, D. M. Hwang, S. A. Schwarz, W. E. Quinn
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 263 / 1992
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 February 2011, 267
- Print publication:
- 1992
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We investigate the formation of inAs-rich layers at the interface between InP and arsenicbased Ill-V alloys grown by chemical beam epitaxy (CBE). In-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry, low temperature photoluminescence, secondary ion mass spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the formation of these layers. We present evidence for interfacial layer roughness that depends strongly on growth temperature and on the presence of surface steps, and show that modifications of the interface chemistry and of the gas-switching sequence can reduce interfacial layer thicknesses.
Characterization of AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs Heteroepitaxial Layers by Transmission Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy
- R. S. Rai, J. M. Tartaglia, W. E. Quinn, D. C. Martel
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 281 / 1992
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 February 2011, 161
- Print publication:
- 1992
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AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs heteroepitaxial layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy were studied by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The presence of waviness/roughness, fine periodic striation contrast due to Al composition oscillations, and defects were observed by TEM in selected samples. EDS on the TEM was of limited utility in determining the composition of thin epitaxial layers and in comparing the composition near and away from a defect. Arguments are presented to rationalize these results.
Real-Time Optical Diagnostics For Measuring And Controlling Epitaxial Growth
- D. E. Aspnes, R. Bhat, E. Colas, L. T. Florez, S. Gregory, J. P. Harbison, I. Kamiya, W. E. Quinn, S. A. Schwarz, H. Tanaka, M. Wassermeier
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 222 / 1991
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 February 2011, 63
- Print publication:
- 1991
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A variety of optical methods are now available for studying surface processes and for monitoring layer thicknesses and compositions during semiconductor crystal growth by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), organometallic chemical vapor deposition (OMCVD), and related techniques. New capabilities for surface analysis are being provided by developing techniques such as reflectance-difference spectroscopy (RDS), which use intrinsic symmetries to suppress ordinarily dominant bulk contributions. Bulk and microstructural properties such as compositions and layer thicknesses can be determined by techniques such as spectroellipsometry (SE), which return information integrated over the penetration depth of light. Recent advances include the application of reflectance to monitor dynamic surface processes, RDS to characterize (001) GaAs surfaces in OMCVD environments, and SE to control growth of AlxGa1-x, As materials and structures.
Characterization of the Plasma Chemistry and Film Composition of PECVD Silicon Nitride Deposited from Silane-Nitrogen and Silane-Ammonia Mixtures with Argon Additions
- W. E. Quinn, B. G. Bagley, B. J. Wilkens, B. M. Gallois
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 165 / 1989
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 February 2011, 101
- Print publication:
- 1989
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Silicon nitride films deposited from silane-nitrogen and silane-ammonia mixtures by PECVD contain large amounts of hydrogen. We have determined that adding argon to the gas mixture reduces the amount of hydrogen in the resulting films. Differences in film composition are obviously due to changes in the chemistry of the discharge which was characterized by line-of-sight mass spectrometry, optical emission spectroscopy and plasma double probe measurements. Substrate temperature was fixed at 325°C, pressure was 500 mtorr, the RF power was 0.25 watts cm−2, the silane to nitrogen ratio was varied from 0.003 to 0.02, the silane to ammonia ratio was varied from 0.01 to 0.5, and the argon additions were 10% of the total gas flow. Argon additions to the discharge increased the plasma density in both nitrogen and ammonia plasmas. Optical emission from N2 and Si-H species increased upon the addition of 10% argon to the silane-nitrogen discharge, whereas the N-H emission decreased upon addition of argon to the silane-ammonia discharge. Infrared transmission spectra of films deposited with and without argon show no change in peak position or intensity of Si-H and N-H absorption bands in the spectral range studied, despite a large (over 20%) reduction in hydrogen content, as determined by nuclear profiling, upon the addition of argon. These results suggest that a substantial fraction of the hydrogen in the films is not infrared active. We propose that the reduction in hydrogen content is due to bombardment of the growing film by argon ions, which sputter the adsorbed hydrogen molecules.
The Use of an Organosilsesquioxane for the Coating/Cladding of Silica Fibers
- B. G. Bagley, C. R. Kurkjian, W. E. Quinn
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 88 / 1986
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 February 2011, 35
- Print publication:
- 1986
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The properties necessary for a material to be useful as a fiber cladding (appropriate Δn) and/or coating (provide mechanical protection) were evaluated for an organosilsesquioxane (Owens-Illinois Resin GR 650). The samples were 120 μm silica fibers coated with 12 μm of the cured organosilicon polymer. We observe, from an index profile of the clad fiber, that Δn = 0.04. The tensile strength measured in air (65% RH, 25 °C) was 765 ksi and the dynamic fatigue constant determined under the same ambient conditions was 29, both of which are typical of a mechanically protected fiber. From aging experiments in 90 °C distilled water we observe that the onset for a marked loss of strength with time is ∼1 day for an epoxy-acrylate coated fiber and slightly more than a week for the organosilicon polymer coated fiber, a notable improvement.
The Pyrolytic Decomposition of Owens-Illinois Resin Gr650, an Organosilicon Compound
- B. G. Bagley, P. K. Gallagher, W. E. Quinn, L. J. Amos
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 32 / 1984
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 February 2011, 287
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- 1984
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The pyrolytic conversion of an organosilsesquioxane (Owens-Illinois resin GR650) to SiO2 is characterized by ir spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and evolved gas analysis (line-of-sight mass spectroscopy). Scanning calorimetry, ramping at 10°C/min, on the as-received (room temperature annealed) resin indicates a glass transition temperature of 67°C which decreases to 58°C for an unrelaxed sample. The ir spectra have bands which can be assigned to Si-CH3 and Si-O-Si modes. For 30 minute isothermal anneals at temperatures above 420°C there is a continuous decrease in the bands associated with the Si-CH3 groups such that after 30 minutes at 650°C the ir spectrum has evolved to that for SiO2. Evolved gas analysis indicates that there are four major components evolving. Over the temperature range (ramping at 10°C/min) ∼180 to ∼500°C we observe C2H5OH and H2O, both of which are condensation reaction products from the curing reaction. Methane is a major evolving species over the temperature range ∼500 to ∼800°C and the thermal spectrum is double peaked which we attribute to CH3+ bound to the inside and outside of the polymer cage structures. The final major component detected was H2, over the temperature range ∼600 to ∼1100°C, which was attributed to pyrolysis of the organic components, both trapped and evolving. The features of the weight loss curve can be accounted for by the measured evolving species spectra.